Low Levels Of Academic Achievement - 955 Words

lower levels of academic achievement and it is also known that Latino adolescents experience great levels of depression symptoms constantly†( ). According to the National Center for Education Statistics (2007), nearly 63% of Latino Adolescents in the United States achieve a high school degree, as opposed to 87% of African American Adolescents. Latino youth similarity report experiencing elevated levels of depression symptoms than the children from other groups. Research shows that academic achievement and depression are negatively associated to each other, however there is lack of evidence that results in an inconclusive understanding of this relationship. This negative relationship is seen for a variety of academic measures, which include the standardized achievement test, grades, and teachers ratings, yet the direction of causality in this relationship is still unknown AND Modern research, today in this association is lacking. Previous studies have found groundwork to the presented issue. In a meta-analysis of Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), Twenge and Nolene-Hoelcsema (2002) found that Latino children and adolescents endorsed considerably higher depressive symptoms, obtaining higher scores on the CDI than children from other ethnic groups. A study by Roberts and Sohaban (1992) found that Mexican-American adolescents had an increased risk for depression when compared with European and African American adolescents. In addition, a study by Alva and de los ReyesShow MoreRelatedEffects of Socioeconomic Status and Ethnicity on a Child1542 Words   |  7 Pagesbrain development (Nelson, 1999). Socioeconomic status limits how much a family could provide to aid a child’s development. Middle-class families can better prepare their children with opportunities for success than families with low household income. Families with low household income will be reluctant to spend money on daycare becau se they have other priorities. Credentialed daycare providers increase children’s cognitive and critical thinking skills (Barnett Belfield, 2006). The long-term effectsRead MoreOverall Average Of Grades 6-8 Students Aspire Math Content Standards By Poverty Level983 Words   |  4 Pagesby Poverty Level Math Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Non-Poverty 25.17 35.73 29.09 10.58 Poverty 27.07 35.94 27.79 8.22 The data charts above indicate that students identified as living in poverty display a pattern of lower achievement scores at Brindlee Mountain Middle when compared to classmates not considered as living in poverty. However, the gap in achievement between poverty and non-poverty students is not substantial enough to be identified as the source of the achievement gap at BrindleeRead MoreEducational Attainment And Parental Support1486 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is no significant sex difference in the academic achievement of primary school children, there is no rural urban difference in academic achievement of primary school children. The findings of the study points out that, Socio-economic status is positively and significantly co related with academic achievement at the primary stage of education, Higher SES category students show significantly better academic achievements in comparison to meddler low SES category students. 2.5. STUDIES RELATED TORead MoreEssay On Indigenous Reserve High Schools1182 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing poorly funded and under-resourced. Griffit research asserts that school environment links to funding and resources are related to students’ academic achievement (Graiffit, 1997). Thus, having no library, no playground, no art room etc. due to lack of funding in Attawapiskat temporary schools impacts the Indigenous students academic achievement. To explain, Graiffit research suggests that schools that provide a library etc. may lead to higher quality of learning within the classroom whichRead MoreThe Importance Of Student Achievement1667 Words   |  7 Pagesimproved student achievement places pressure on educators to research and find ways for students to acquire needed skills to become academically successful in the classroom setting. One of the biggest challenges for educators is to explore ways for the low performing students to meet the established levels of achievement. This process requires a commitment from all the stakeholders in the education process to work together to create a plan of action to h elp improve the achievement of low performing studentsRead MoreThe Poverty Theory Developed By Lewis1627 Words   |  7 Pagesand reaction of the economically disadvantaged to their marginal position, low socioeconomic status and impartibility in achieving success. According to the poverty theory established by Lewis (1968), there are many traits associated with the culture of poverty. Families living on poverty have a level of education and are living in inadequate housing conditions. This factor is often associated with low academic achievement and success of economically disadvantaged students. Consequently, Lewis (1998)Read MoreThe Achievement Gap1119 Words   |  5 Pageseducation sector, the achievement gap delineates the observed disparity in school performance among student groups. This gap is manifested in measures such as test scores, grades, college completion and dropout rates, and selection of courses. Within the U.S. context, the achievement gap has often been used t o refer to the worrying performance disparities between Latinos and African-Americans on one hand and their non-Hispanic white counterparts on the other. The gap also describes academic differences betweenRead MoreChildren With Intellectual Disabilities Should Be Educated1114 Words   |  5 Pages(Swiss Conference of Cantonal Minsters of Education, 2007). The purpose of the study conducted was to investigate whether children of low, average, or high achieving students are affected in general education classrooms when one student with an intellectual disability is included with support. Findings support the idea that the academic achievement of children of low, average, or high ability are not affected when a student with an intellectual disability is present. Literature Review The developmentRead MoreThe Effects Of Poverty And Student Achievement : Does Poverty Affect The Culture Of A School?1195 Words   |  5 Pages The Effect of Poverty and Student Achievement: Does Poverty Affect the Culture of a School? Veronica Curtis, B.A, M.Ed Stony Brook University ABSTRACT Research Questions The following research questions guided this study. Research Question One According to the research literature, what effect does poverty have on academic performance? Research Question Two According to the research literature, what is the influence of behavior management strategies andRead MoreBetween The Various Financial Data And Eleventh Grade Students1604 Words   |  7 Pagesfinancial data and eleventh grade students achievement. A comparison of four groups of school districts designated by ad valorem wealth and SES also was conducted to identify difference in student achievement. The findings of the study reveals, total per student expenditure and direct average teacher salary had a direct relationship with the achievement in mathematics but not in languages and art, no significant direct relationship with the student achievement was shown for instructional-operation expenditure

The Cold Truth ~ Cassidy Pena - 1783 Words

ï ¿ ¼The Cold Truth ~ Cassidy Peà ±a The Cold War was the most dangerous boasting battle in the history of the world, and it created many problems that even today have yet to be solved. It was a 44 ­year war between two of the world’s superpowers: the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America. At one point during the war, nuclear weapons were mass ­produced by both sides, mainly for the bragging rights of having more weapons than their opponents (this was called the â€Å"Nuclear Arms Race†). (Trueman) (Americans were outraged when the Soviet Union beat them into space with the launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial Earth satellite (part of another Cold War race, the â€Å"Space Race†). (History.com Staff) Put simply, the Cold†¦show more content†¦The current world relations between the United States and countries that opposed them during the Cold War remain unfriendly. For instance, the relations between the United States and the communist nation of Cuba a re still very poor as a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis ï ¿ ¼during the Cold War; when the Soviet Union was allowed by the Cuban government to station nuclear missiles pointed towards the United States in Cuba, only 99 miles away from Florida. Today, there is still an embargo prohibiting United States corporations from doing any business with Cuba and restricting United States citizens from travelling to Cuba. (ProCon.org) Another example of international relations damaged by the Cold War are the notoriously strained relations of the Russian Federation and the United States. The two nations have been well known as enemies since even before World War II. In fact, in the year 1980, the United States Olympic Team boycotted the Summer Olympics that were being held in Moscow. (Smothers) In 2009, Dmitry Medvedev and Barack Obama agreed to â€Å"reset† the relations between the countries and wipe the proverbial slate of all contempt rooted in the Cold War. Despite this, there is still much lingering rivalry between the two very different nations. (Cooper) In fact, relations were so horrible during the Cold War that the United States changed a national symbol to spite Russia. That symbol is something that every student in the United

Thinking Outside The Box On State Terrorism - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Thinking Outside The Box On State Terrorism. Answer Transition of Terrorism There has been a growing debate that in the current decade nature of terrorism has been changing from its core. Until September 2001, the World Trade Center, the symbol of the economic power of America, stood under the Statue of Liberty, a sign of American freedom. However, on that day the commercial airlines were hijacked and changed into flying bombs by terrorists. The towers of World Trade Center and Pentagon were crashed in Washington DC. The toll of death was highly reduced from the initial estimations. Thus, the most horrendous terrorism in history emerged out of a clear blue sky. Hence the proposition made at the very beginning is evaluated in the following study. The arguments are illustrated with few recent examples. It also includes the difference between the old terrorism the and the new one . These are demonstrated through discussing the prominent and extreme religious-based ideologies. This includes the sponsoring and financial supports. The media representing of terrorism and so one are also assessed in the study. The old terrorism was found to be influenced by political motives. However new terrorism has been impacted by the extreme religious beliefs, especially the followers of Islam. The terrorists claim that their path is only the true one (Rourke 2017). The people coming in their path should be killed. These kinds of great indiscriminate violence are devoid of any political objective and are meant to destroy society. The new age terrorists are more eager to involve in more complex and risky acts. It is found in the clash of monotheistic faiths Judaism and Christianity have made a peace treaty with each other. Most of Islam has been trying to do the same. However there are certain fanatic sects within them, demands the submission of all to their central authority. Thus they work to form a single form of their society under Sharia Law (Gaibulloev, Piazza and Sandler 2017). Every institution of civilizations like religion is an admixture of god and reverse effects. For instance, the state promotes the welfare and limits freedom at the same time. Similarly, religions are found to preach love and community along with conquest and incompatibilities. Human civilization is the simultaneous evolution of homo-sapiens along with its burdens. Various motives have been cited for suicide bombings. This extends from religious sanctification to take revenge against Western policy towards hatred against Israel. For the Muslims, there have been various emerging patterns found from killing infidel enemy by suicide attacks and to allow their subordinate female to take part in suicide attacks. For example, recently a suicide bomber of this kind struck in a mob at Nangarhar, located at east Afghanistan. This attack underscored poor security where eight people were killed. The terrorist approach the people on foot at Jalalabad the provincial capital. There, they were discussing in support of their local police force commander who was sacked and there was a demand for his reinstatement. Those eight people were all civilians (Sarma 2017). Moreover, fifteen people including minors were wounded because of this explosion. Further, the funny part was that the Islamic State Group had claimed the responsibility regarding this attack. The term terrorism entered historically into the European dictionary while the 1789 French terrorism took place. At that time violence was utilized by the Paris government for reluctantly imposing a new order (Younas and Sandler 2017). Thus, the initial definition of terrorism indicated a system of rule of terror. Despite all these, the word is used for defining the recourse towards violence by the small groups for achieving political change. To compare the old and new, terrorism, the primary aspects to be considered are goals, organization, goals. Thus modern terrorism is justified on the religious background. The new ones are found to have ambiguous missions at a systemic level and valuing the destruction for their sakes (Combs 2017). The old terrorism has been more comprehensible and restricted to particularly with their roots within political ideology. New terrorism, though not much further, has altered the purpose in the last decades. The point of view of modern terrorists has been related to the pursuit of the mass causalities. Since the goals have been religious, the new terrorists have been seeking to kill more people they could (Lynch and Argomaniz 2017). At the maximum time, the related Islamic terrorists have enhanced mainly in the sectors like weaponry and communications, transport because of massive development in globalization. Further, for analyzing the various methods utilized by an old and new terrorist, they are distinguished into two categories. They are the jihad terrorists and secular terrorists. In the case of secular terrorism, violence is stated to be calibrated carefully. They have been going far enough to gain the objectives (Camilleri 2017). As they have been killing more people, they have been sticking to the political objectives since they know that indiscriminate killing would never produce success. Thus terrorists have seemed to be more interested too, have lots of people watching not a many people dead. Features of new terrorism have been precisely having been the lacking of state backers. The terrorists have been developing new economic resources. Thus they have been less dependent on the sponsors of the state. The expense of new terrorism has not been based on the money received from the sponsors of the state (Saygili 2017). However, on other illegal sources such as drug trafficking, fraud of credit cards, video piracy. These also have investments in the legal business, charities, donations from various wealthy people and Diaspora. The U.S. has classified Iran as the foremost state sponsor of terrorism. They have alleged that the nation has to provide comprehensive support like financial, training and equipment to those fanatic groups across the globe, notably Hezbollah. This allegation on Iran is since 1984. The state-sponsored terrorism indicates the deliberate use of terrorism or assistance to terrorist organizations as the tool of foreign policy that is done against various other nations or groups of people (Becker 2017). This also refers to the direct attacks by the state of the support of terrorist organizations by the provisions of sanctuary, training, funding and weapons. From the time that Iran Hostage Crisis took place in 1979, one of the popular hallmarks of the Iranian regime is its frequent usage of terrorism against the U.S. and their allies across the world and tying to terrorist organizations. Further to carry out those direct attacks, the nation of Iran committed terrorism through proxy by Taliban, Hamas, Hezbollah. This also included militias in Iraq, Syria, Bahrain and the Gulf along with a plethora of the additional terrorist groups (Van Gils and Yrk 2017). The country has a long history of attacks from terrorists against the U.S. and various other Western nations. This included carrying out of abductions, hijackings and bombings. From their founding in 1979, Iranian regime employed terrorism as the primary tool for advancing its interests and strike all their foreign and domestic enemies. Thus the U.S government has labelled the Islamic Republic of Iran as most active state sponsored by terrorism. The U.S. designated Iran as this since 1984 (Sageman 2017). The countries tolerating at least some activities has been long and not been confined to the Middle East and even to states that are ruled by the aggressive dictators. For instance, France has allowed different Middle Eastern terrorist groups for operating with impunity in the 1980s. U.S. allowed the umbrella group representing anti-Tehran Mujahedin-eKhalq for lobbying at the U.S. till 1997 (Lynch and Argomaniz 2017). The effect of terrorism has been involving promoting, recruiting and mobility. This could also be done globally or locally. Here, the aim has been to get to the target and then get away. The attack could take place at the hills of South Waziristan and has been carried out in London. The current shape of terrorism has also been exploiting the rise in intercontinental connections of flight and poor immigration control and customs in various nations to move across the world (Waddock and McIntosh 2017). Terrorists have often been trying to attack the official property and personnel like military forces and diplomatic missions. The notable incidents have been including shooting at Canadian Parliaments in Ottawa on October 2014. The shootings at different army sectors across Chattanooga USA in July 2015 and the shooting of a policeman in Australia during October 2015 is an instance of this (Metaxas and Kechagia 2017). The attackers target military and police as they merely relate to the state and the public facing nature making them reasonably accessible to low sophistication attacks. The higher mobility terrorists and proliferation of the terrorist cells blurred different organizational lines. Global terrorism has turned out to be less working with the diverse and well-defined teams than the networks of individuals and of ill-defined and consistently shifting. These cells have been containing members of more than one nationality, with the affiliations towards more than one group. The groups have been cooperating to procure false documents and move operatives (LEVEY 2017). A blurring of organizational lines has made that increasingly hard to find the responsibility for terrorist activities. Networks have made that plausible in describing much that has been going on the world of a terrorist as linked out this or that leader or group like Usama Bin Laden. However, the linkage never necessarily meant the operational control. The underground activities for replenishing and expanding the movements have been ranking as the other initiations in the society. The terrorist groups have been engaging in the process to recruit new members (Lynch and Argomaniz 2017). This is the process to attract, screening and finding what has been considered to be newly qualified individuals for positions in any organization. Moreover, like the similar civilian counterparts, the terrorist groups have been conducting recruitment process outsource and outsource. The process is done by retaining the services of professional recruiters who have been the part of the external networks. This has been irrespective in-country where they have been operating or within the other nations where their systems are established beachheads (Hillebrand 2017). Further, with the rise of the social media and Internet, recruitment by the terrorist groups has also been taking place in the cyberspace. The recruitment processes of terrorists, unlike thei r civilian counterpart, has been taking place covertly as the underground activity, whether on cyberspace or ground away from possible. After the demonising took place, the Israelis and Jews along with citing Islamic sources depicted Jews negatively and culminating with the ongoing libels and lies portraying Jews reversely as the immediate threat towards Palestine existence and life (Richter 2017). Authority of Palestine or PA instigated violence against the Israelis and Jews, presenting that as legitimate and also heroic self-defence. The promotion of PA has been taking various forms. The PA has been actively elevating nationalistically as a heroic and valid mean in achieving the political goals (Lynch and Argomaniz 2017). On the other hand, killing and fighting the Jews religiously have been displayed by PA the academic and religious leaders as the creators will repeatedly. At the social level, the Palestine leaders and society honour and the most loathsome of murders have portrayed them as the heroes and role models. For example, Dalal Mughrabi who has been leading a bus hijacking where thirty-seven has been killed comprised of schools, summer camps and various other events (Adelakun and Adnan 2017). This also included places baring the name to immortalize and glory her and the terror attack. Thus the success of promotion of PAs violence has been evident readily. Most of Palestine has been supporting killing and suicide terror against the Israelis and Jews. There was a poll conducted after the murder of 8 teenag ers took place. They were studying in a high school of Jerusalem in 2008. It was found that more than eighty percent of Palestine has been supporting that murder. Thus Palestinian religious, political and social systems have justified and have been promoting terror and violence. The Hamas, Fatah and Palestine have developed huge cultural, social and educational networks that are aimed at children promoting and glorifying terror and violence (Humphreys 2017). These are taught through cultural events, TV mascots, schoolbooks and educational videos. There is a saying that violence begets violence. Various evidences has been emerging that shows the reporting of violence can trigger future attacks (Hillebrand 2017). The sensationalist media coverage regarding various terrorist acts has resulted in more amounts of those kinds of acts. Graphic videos showing the beheadings and released over Internet have made the terrorist groups to an internationally feared brand. For example, whether it has been al-Qaida, Taliban, Boko Haram or current ISIS, the fundamentalism has been everywhere over radio, newspaper or TV channels (Holland and Rabrenovic 2017). Thus the terrorists require coverage of media for spreading the message, creating fear and then recruit followers. Paper presented at the annual European Economic Association Congress in Germany showed that the suicide bombings get more media coverage. This is due to their rise in popularity among the terrorist groups. The official media replaced by Internet at the end has been much simpler to use, quicker and more effective. Thus Internet has arguably replaced differently riles of printed media. Hence for the first time, fundamentalists could take any message and pictures they decide straight to the online world. Since the messages and stories reach the common people through old or new media, they utilize the publicity particularly in recruiting efforts (McCarthy and Menager 2017). The Internet has simply raised the opportunities for activities and propagandas of terrorists. It has turned into a perfect tool for the terrorists as per as their operational goals with small risk and expense. Besides this other form of powerful media includes videos, video games, novels, popular music, DVDs, audiocassettes that must not be underestimated. The terrorists in general embrace the latest information. They have been following the latest technological developments to turn to be innovative and use the most up graded communication technologies (Gardner 2017). Despite all this, it has not been necessarily indicating the absolute shift from the trends and old technologies. For example, few terrorists are still found to depend on hawala which is an informal network of the currency exchange dating back to the 8th century (Hillebrand 2017). The advent of the Internet in the 1990s, with the focus on a free exchange of data without censorship, has supplied the international audience regarding freedom movement, different groups and many more manifestos. This included the bomb-making manuals, speech videos, executions, attacks that could be found quite simple over the Internet. Regarding the high degree of operational and technological competence, the examples include communication tools like satellite phones and mobiles and email and web services for planning the further terrorist attacks. Present cities of Syria has led to various Britons to move abroad to fight with communities like Isis (Ilyas, Mehmood and Aslam 2017). With capitalizing the growth, Isis has been fighting more cyber and using slick videos, online messages of hatred and also app aiming to radicalize and create latest generation of the cyber jihadists. Those current tools have been helping Isis to spread the propaganda and ideologies to various online symp athizers around the globe. The groups have been using social media sites like Twitter, Facebook and Youtube for recruiting their future members. Ass this ate done via images and streaming violent online viral videos those are professionally edited or filmed targeting impressionable and young people (Zaid 2017). Through portraying a glamorized and a cool image, ISIS fighters have started to act as the latest rockstars in a field of global cyber jihad. Therefore the Internet has turned into a virtual background for extremists ideas to get reinforced and then act as the echo chamber. For example, presently there has been estimated to be at least 750 British travelling to Syria for fighting against the forces of President Assad. Under this heightened scenario, the hydra global insurgency from the plethora of those extremist groups at Iraq and Syria has come out to have all the links to a fundamentalist narrative. The threatening communities like ISIS posed online indicated that government of UK has been in a constant fight to remove the material of online extremists (Jensen 2017). They have removed about 15000 elements related to jihadist propaganda. It has included an online video of recruitment that titled Theres No Life Without Jihad. This featured three British fighters encouraging and glamorizing individuals to emerge and fight for ISIS. However, the video reappeared and has been available on YouTube and crossed over 42000 views (Lynch and Argomaniz 2017). The latest terrorist communities comprise of a networked organizational structure. It comprises of different members having same authoritative rights, and reporting structures that are more flat denoting a cell structure. They have moved towards decentralization (Downes and Hobbs 2017). Thus every one of the various leaders has been independently responsible for carrying out those terrorist activities (McCarthy and Menager 2017). The first shift of structure of terrorism has been resting in downsizing the enemies. For example, huge armies are not seen in Al-Qaida (McCarthy and Menager 2017). Instead, there has been a rise in facing of enemy forces in little teams and even individuals. As per as the operational perspective, those are the micro-targets with the macro-targets that have been operating in a global exchange of ideas, data and people (Hewitt 2017). Enemies, their tactics, their battlefield, their tradecraft has been all evolving at the force of globalization itself. The current debate, with many times disagreement among the allies, has been reflecting the new reality and the new method of war. The existing groups of today have been tending to adapt or organize to scopes available in the network model. Additional variants professing the ideology have possessed more defined impacts on the internal organizations. The Maoist or Leninist groups have been tending towards various hierarchical structure and centralized control (McConaghy 2017). Categories related to terrorism along with political organization or activities need this hierarchical framework for coordinating terrorist violence with the legislative action. The examples of this include the observing cease-fire agreements or avoiding the specific targets supporting the political aims (McCarthy and Menager 2017). Besides, al-Qaida opted to go for a hierarchical organization to the much more networked organizations. Similar to communist cells, terrorist cells of Osama Bin Laden intended to overthrow the contemporary governments. However, unlike the communist ones, they have been organized and specialized. His cells were extremely ad hoc in functioning. The planning cell for a single operation might be tapped as the execution cell for the upcoming. Various members of submarine and sleeper cells have lived in the target nations for various years (Ghatak and Prins 2017). They have been inactive until activated. As per as former aides of Laden, there has been a century of sleeper cells around the U.S. Thus various attacks have possessed no previous records. The execution cells ate brought forward at the last stage of the attacks. They use resources as supplied by the other cells. The latest way to practice terror by terrorists has been distinct from the conventional military approach. Along with war, there has been no run on different beliefs, the targets have been no more military or government but various nations as a whole (Ghatak and Prins 2017). They have been running clandestine attacks including buildings important for attack and destroying innocent lives. There have been a couple of viewpoints on a relationship between asymmetric warfare and the terrorism. At current context, the asymmetric warfare has been considered as the element of fourth generation warfare. As practised outside different laws of war, this has been referred as terrorism. However, it has rarely been done by the practitioners and the supporters. Another view is that asymmetric warfare has never been coinciding with what is called terrorism (Bilgel and Karahasan 2017). Utilization of terror by much lesser Mongol forces to create and control Mongol empire is seen as a kind of asymmetric warfare. Another one is the use of state terrorism by superior Nazi forces in Balkans. This is the attempt to suppress resistance movement. For example conflict between Palestinian and Israel like Islamic Jihad and Hamas has been a classic instance of this type of asymmetric warfare. The Palestinian groups never had access to huge-scale military equipment to conduct operations. Rather they have been using an asymmetric strategy like small gunfights, cross-border sniping and rocket attacks (LaFree, Xie and Matanock 2017). Another example of this the conflict on Kashmir between India and Pakistan where Pakistan has been claiming territorial rights to the area of Kashmir a state of India where Pakistan engages in proxy wars on various occasions. Latest terrorist organizations have been more like multinational organizations. They have been spread around various geographical boundaries. For instance, AL Qaeda is found to have the presence around the world, where the members have been coming from different nations (de la Fuente 2017). Recently terrorist networks have been evolving and moving away from dependency on state sponsorship. Various dangerous groups and people have been operating as the non-state actors. Through taking benefits of porous borders and the international, interconnected systems, transit, communications and finance, the terrorist organizations have been reaching all the corners of the world. As some has been focusing on the local or national political dynamic, the others have been finding to impact the global change. Al-Qaeda has been at the forefront of the trend (Shay 2017). From the base the borderlines between Pakistan and Afghanistan, al-Qaeda network has been spread widely. They have established braches or the affiliates elsewhere including North Africa, Southeast Asia and Yemen. As driven by Salafi ideology and then characterized by opposition to Western influence and aim to create a global Islamic caliphate, al-Qaeda has destroyed thousands of lives extending from Baghdad to Bali to Ma drid (Frey and Osterloh 2017). The alluring ideology of the group has continued their reach and prompted some people outside their direct command to undertake violent actions. Threats from al-Qaeda have been proving global, multifaceted and have been complicated to track and contain. This has been continuing to pose most prominent risks of terrorism. Various other organizations have also been emerging and operating with their individual distinct goals outside traditional hotspots and networks (Shay 2017). The U.S.A. and Europe have not been immune to terrorism under the borders. The global diffusion of this threat needs a comprehensive reaction providing resolutions at international, regional and national levels. This has been addressing not only the processes but also factors contributing to spread of terrorism (Ghatak and Prins 2017). Using of modern tools, weapons of mass destruction such as nuclear weapons and the suicidal bombers, the unpredictability of places of attack and untraditional attack processes such as cyber-terrorism have created a primary part to the concept of new terrorism. Modern supplies materials or weapons that could be changed to weapons (Zulaika and Murua 2017). In turn, these devices have been more powerful than the techniques and instruments used in the past. These are used to destroy a large number of people considerably. Destructive weapon of the homemade explosives or weapons-grade explosives has been raised from Second World War (Ghatak and Prins 2017). Examples of biological weapon include the allegation against China that states that the USA caused cholera epidemic in Hong Kong in 1961. Again Egypt was accused in 1969 that imperialistic aggressors to use biological weapons on the Middle East mainly causing an outbreak of cholera at Iraq in 1966 (Child and Breyer 2017). As per as chemical weapons are considered, 35 Kurdish fighters were wounded in 2015 August. This happened in a chemical attack while fighting ISIS terrorists. One source from Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons stated that the laboratory tests revealed mustard gas had also been used (Ljujic et al. 2017). Moreover, on August 21, ISIS also launched a chemical attack on Marea town against children and women. Radiological weapons put merely are a degree of carcinogenic effect from low levels of radiation exposure. This has lead to a rise in a risk of delayed development of problems like cancer. For example in the incident of Goiania, about two hundred people recognized contaminated at emergency response centers (Larsson 2017). Here about fifty were admitted for future treatment. And, all these resulted in the death of five people ultimately. Oleg Khingsagory, a Russian hot arrested at Georgia in February 2006, with three Georgian accompanies carrying 79.5 gm of 89% HEU. It is an example of nuclear weapons used for mass destruction. Another example is Alexander Litvinenko poisoning with radioactive polonium in November 2006, representing an ominous landmark (Neo et al. 2017). Latest terrorists never have any community as their enemy. Hence they possess no hesitation to attack the innocent people, especially civilians. The targets have been mainly critical infrastructure. This destruction has been possessing serious socio-economic effects on the nations. Instances of this are exchanges, hospitals, railways and national icons (White 2017). As accepted at the national level, destruction, degradation or rendering unavailable, the critical infrastructure has been profoundly affecting the economic and social well-being of the nation, or modified for assuring national defense and the security (Aghedo 2017). For example, the terrorist attacks condemned against the passenger trains at Madrid during 2004, and that on international airports in Istanbul and Brussels in 2016, has raised awareness regarding vulnerabilities states having the effect of those attacks (Ghatak and Prins 2017). From old terrorism, the vulnerability has raised quickly in communication and information technology interlinking various critical infrastructure systems (Ljujic et al. 2017). Cyber-attacks against the essential infrastructures have been turning to prevalent. Surveys from sector indicated that they have thought to be right in scale, set to be more precise and accurate. When the killing of innocent people is discussed the example or civilians killed in Yemen in 2013 could be taken. This took place as the US drone targeted vehicles that have been the part of wedding procession marching towards the village of the groom. In old terrorism, the classic case has been killing in self-defense (O'Day 2017). However, in the present era, the attackers have been deliberate to aim the innocent lives. All these are done to spread fear among the civilian population. Further, they try to force the government to alter their policies. One thing is needed to be kept in mind that the term innocent needs a clear unpacking. For example, the thousands of lives destroyed in World Trade Center were innocent never meant that they have been living a morally impeccable life (Heath-Kelly and Jarvis 2017). The audience has been beyond the spectacular events of the victims attracting media attention. The psychological effect gas has been staged carefully and well thought out act where symbolism has been crucial (Ghatak and Prins 2017). The publicity has been the existence of the cause. A revolutionary message is broadcasted. The reason is widespread anxiety and fear. The provoking is a strong reaction to bringing people to the cause. All these traits come under the umbrella of the expression terrorism as theatre. The security theatre has not been the real security. However, terrorism is a theatre. The terrorists are playing the role of efficient producers (Barcel and Labzina 2017). Due to them, the passengers in planes insist on throwing off people who seem to be Middle Eastern. Reciting prayers, cosmetics, the dogs and the smoke detectors are the reason to investigate terrorism /. The ever-more-intrusive security is put up that has been accomplishing a little. Saying in a different term, terrorism is a theatre. The activities done by them are not their goal. This has been the act intended for provoking the emotional reaction in the audience. The audiences are overeating same as wanted by terrorists. It must be forgotten that through they have been succeeded to blow up a dozen airlines over Atlantic, the air travel has been still safe than driving (Coccia 2017). The point of this terrorism has been creating terro r. At many times they need to achieve a political goal and many times these are done out of just sheer hatred. The human beings killed by the terrorists have not been the targets. They are only snares of collateral damages. Additionally, blowing up planes, trains, markets and buses has been not the goal. They are just tactics. The actual targets of them are the rest of humanity who are not killed but gets terrorized due to killing. The practical point of terrorism has been not the act but the reaction towards the action (Ljujic et al. 2017). The peace has been a vital part of human lives. The war on terror has been destroying the unity of various civilizations. For ensuring world peace, many nations are working hard through undertaking effective initiatives. Bigotry, sectarianism and their dreadful descendants, terrorism have been long capturing the beautiful world. They have been filling the planet with violence. The land is drenched very often with bloodsheds. Civilizations have got destroyed. The whole nations are sent to despair. Without these horrible demons, the society could be far more advanced than now. To eradicate that permanently wholly the world should help others such that rising menace could be countered quickly and easily. The world, especially the Muslim world, must be convinced that the religion of peace is getting hijacked by fundamentalists. The union of equality and liberty could only be gained through the power of brotherhood. Human mind claims freedom. This is the freedom of self-development, self- development of man in all his being. People often think that dissociating him from the fellow is the attainment of actual liberty similar to the ties of relationship involves the limitations towards others. However, it is paradoxical to find that human life is the perfect arrangement of interdependence among the people giving rise to freedom. The people who can attain freedom from segregation of the eclipsed life find the power to cultivate different mutual understanding the cooperation. Then the history of the growth of liberty will be the history of the perfection of the human dignity. References: Adelakun, L. and Adnan, H., 2017. Between Ebola epidemics and Boko-Haram insurgency: Media agenda transition interplay. InSHS Web of Conferences(Vol. 33). EDP Sciences. Aghedo, I., 2017. Ethics and its discontents: Evidence from terrorism research in North-Eastern Nigeria.Australasian Review of African Studies, The,38(1), p.29. Barcel, J. and Labzina, E., 2017. Global Terrorism and (De-) Mobilization: Do ISISs Deadly Attacks Demotivate, Deter, or Mobilize Supporters?. Becker, M., 2017. Why violence abates: imposed and elective declines in terrorist attacks.Terrorism and political violence,29(2), pp.215-235. Bilgel, F. and Karahasan, B.C., 2017. The economic costs of separatist terrorism in Turkey.Journal of conflict resolution,61(2), pp.457-479. Camilleri, J., 2017. Insecurity and Governance in an Age of Transition. InGlobal Insecurity(pp. 23-41). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Child, M. and Breyer, C., 2017. Transition and transformation: a review of the concept of change in the progress towards future sustainable energy systems.Energy Policy,107, pp.11-26. Coccia, M., 2017. General Causes of Terrorism: High Population Growth in Problematic Society. Combs, C.C., 2017.Terrorism in the twenty-first century. Routledge. de la Fuente, A.L., 2017. Puppet state: A Spanish puppeteer, arrested after terrorism charges related to a show, discusses the impact on his life.Index on Censorship,46(1), pp.88-89. Downes, R.J. and Hobbs, C., 2017. Nuclear terrorism and virtual risk: Implications for prediction and the utility of models.European Journal of International Security,2(2), pp.203-222. Frey, B.S. and Osterloh, M., 2017. Strategies to Deal with Terrorism.CESifo Economic Studies. Gaibulloev, K., Piazza, J.A. and Sandler, T., 2017. Regime types and terrorism.International Organization, pp.1-32. Gardner, H., 2017.American Global Strategy and the'war on Terrorism'. Routledge. Ghatak, S. and Prins, B.C., 2017. The Homegrown Threat: State Strength, Grievance, and Domestic Terrorism.International Interactions,43(2), pp.217-247. Heath-Kelly, C. and Jarvis, L., 2017. Affecting Terrorism: Laughter, Lamentation, and Detestation as Drives to Terrorism Knowledge.International Political Sociology. Hewitt, S., 2017. Cold War counter-terrorism: the evolution of international counter-terrorism in the RCMP Security Service, 19721984.Intelligence and National Security, pp.1-17. Hillebrand, C., 2017. Chasing ghosts: the policing of terrorism. Holland, C. and Rabrenovic, G., 2017. Masculinities in Transition? Exclusion, Ethnosocial Power, and Contradictions in Excombatant Community-based Peacebuilding in Northern Ireland.Men and Masculinities, p.1097184X17696167. Humphreys, L., 2017.Terrorism and Democratic Stability. Routledge. Ilyas, S., Mehmood, B. and Aslam, R., 2017. Terrorism and poverty: double trouble for macroeconomic performance in African countries.African Journal of Economic Review,5(1), pp.1-13. Jensen, A.J., 2017. Terrorism via Democracy? Assessing Democracy Promotion as a Security Rationale.Hinckley Journal of Politics,10. LaFree, G., Xie, M. and Matanock, A.M., 2017. The Contagious Diffusion of Worldwide Terrorism: Is It Less Common Than We Might Think?.Studies in Conflict Terrorism, pp.1-20. Larsson, J.P., 2017.Understanding religious violence: Thinking outside the box on terrorism. Taylor Francis. LEVEY, C., 2017. Gabriela Fried Amilivia, State Terrorism and the Politics of Memory in Latin America: Transmissions across the Generations of Post-Dictatorship Uruguay, 19842004 (Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2016), $109.99, hb.Journal of Latin American Studies,49(2), pp.412-414. Ljujic, V., Ljujic, V., van Prooijen, J.W., van Prooijen, J.W., Weerman, F. and Weerman, F., 2017. Beyond the crime-terror nexus: socio-economic status, violent crimes and terrorism.Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice,3(3), pp.158-172. Lynch, O. and Argomaniz, J. eds., 2017.Victims and Perpetrators of Terrorism: Exploring Identities, Roles and Narratives. Routledge. McCarthy, G. and Menager, J., 2017. Gendered Rumours and the Muslim Scapegoat in Myanmars Transition.Journal of Contemporary Asia,47(3), pp.396-412. McConaghy, K., 2017. The Character of State Organisations and the Effect on Counter-Terrorism. InTerrorism and the State(pp. 117-127). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Metaxas, T. and Kechagia, P., 2017. FDI and Terrorism in developing Asia: Approaches and Discussion. Neo, L.S., Khader, M., Ang, J., Ong, G. and Tan, E., 2017. Developing an early screening guide for jihadi terrorism: A behavioural analysis of 30 terror attacks.Security Journal,30(1), pp.227-246. O'Day, A., 2017.War on terrorism. Routledge. Richter, C., 2017. Media policy in times of transition.Publizistik, pp.1-13. Rourke, K.S., 2017.Resisting Democratic Transition Through Terrorism: Case Study of Post-Saddam Hussein Iraq(Doctoral dissertation, Walden University). Sageman, M., 2017.Turning to Political Violence: The Emergence of Terrorism. University of Pennsylvania Press. Sarma, K.M., 2017. Risk assessment and the prevention of radicalization from nonviolence into terrorism.American Psychologist,72(3), p.278. Saygili, A., 2017. Concessions or Crackdown: How Regime Stability Shapes Democratic Responses to Hostage taking Terrorism.Journal of Conflict Resolution, p.0022002717736109. Shay, S., 2017.Somalia in transition since 2006. Routledge. Van Gils, E. and Yrk, E., 2017. The World Banks social assistance recommendations for developing and transition countries: Containment of political unrest and mobilization of political support.Current Sociology,65(1), pp.113-132. Waddock, S. and McIntosh, M., 2017.SEE change: Making the transition to a sustainable enterprise economy. Routledge. White, R.W., 2017. From State Terrorism to Petty Harassment: A Multi-Method Approach to Understanding Repression of Irish Republicans.Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies, (7), pp.45-64. Younas, J. and Sandler, T., 2017. Gender imbalance and terrorism in developing countries.Journal of conflict resolution,61(3), pp.483-510. Zaid, B., 2017. The authoritarian trap in state/media structures in Moroccos political transition.The Journal of North African Studies,22(3), pp.340-360. Zulaika, J. and Murua, I., 2017. How terrorism endsand does not end: the Basque case.Critical Studies on Terrorism, pp.1-19.

Business Model Innovation Corporate Sustainability †Assignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Business Model Innovation : Corporate Sustainability. Answer: Introduction Coles and Aldi are two most reputed supermarket chains in Australia. Coles with its rival company Woolworths form the duopoly in the Australian supermarket industry. Coles came into existence in the year 1914 in Melbourne by George Coles. It has its own online service system, which it uses to deliver the products to customers home (Keith 2012). Aldi on the other hand is primarily a German company, which found its existence in Australia in the year 2001. It first opened up its store in Sydney and since then it piled up stories of success with passage of days. After duopoly of Woolworths and Coles in Australia, Aldi has the largest market share. Interestingly, the growth of its success in recent time has enhanced the competition to a next level (Dwivedi et al. 2012). Supply chain management is a challenging task, which has grown in its challenge even further with the advent of globalization. Globalization has made the operations complex, which has also troubled the operation of supply chain. Very few companies have been able to solve the criticality of supply chain (Mangan Lalwani 2016). Walmart is one of those companies that have resolved the complexity of supply chain with its strategic planning. Nevertheless, it has benefitted the company significantly, which has helped the company become the largest companies in the world in terms of revenue generation (Stankevi?i?t?, Grunda Bartkus 2012). The success of Walmart on its global supply chain has proved one thing that it is possible to resolve the complexity of supply chain with strategic planning. The main purpose of this assignment is to analyze the supply chain operations of two of the Australian biggest super market chains Coles and Aldi. This paper would also give a comparison between the supply chain operations of both the companies. Cost saving strategy is one of the key points of Coles, which they use to mould the customers interest into their favor. The company has not kept itself confined to the groceries only but it has also targeted a potential market of liquor in Australia. Insurance and fianc sectors have also been felt as potential options. They are in continued search of new market. It is very evident that the company is trying to explore it towards maximum of opportunities (Dwivedi et al. 2012). There customers are in varied range such as little kids, young kids, matured adults, mobile phone users, drinkers etc. It means that the company has targeted perhaps the every category of the society with different range of foodstuffs (coles.com.au 2017). Unlike other companies Coles has believed in the Australian resource for its required products. As per its belief, Australia is one of those few countries that produce best food in the world. They have their relationship with the local farmers, manufacturers and growers. The Coles Nurture Fund support various small medium size companies opportunities to apply for the loans and use it for inventing various innovative technologies. On the other hand, the company had started Coles Indigenous Food Fund in the year 2001 to support the indigenous enterprises (coles.com.au 2017). Their innovative thoughts have worked in an appropriate direction as they had opened up processing facilities in few Australian locations such as New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and South Australia. It is a unique concept because it produces packaged red meat including beef and lamb. It not only enhanced their sales capabilities as they can now get deeper into the change in sales behavior but it has also enhanced their control on processing, which is very important to give response in real time. Additionally, they can now easily bring changes in the inventories, which depend on the changing behavior of sales (Juan Ding et al. 2014). Coles has indigenous people that supply the company fresh meat. Farmers supply them fresh vegetables and fruits. Twitter has been one of the favorite sites for the company. They used this to perfection as one of their tools for marketing. Private labeling is one key aspect o their marketing strategies, which has provided a unique opportunity to the company. Through this, the company has utilized the opportunities that are available in the supermarket chain industry in Australia. They became known face with this strategy (Icmrindia.org 2017). Description of Aldi The business model of the company is simple and efficient. They have a strategy to offer top in quality products at an unbelievably low prices. They have kept their low pricing strategy intact with all of their business strategies. They offered limited range of such products, which people shop on a daily basis. However, it has targeted probably every segment of customer with different products such as food, household supplies and beverages. They are always focused on giving customers value to their money, which is why they have always maintained high transparency with their products (Careers.aldi.us 2017). Aldi has mainly targeted the daily customers with its limited but high in quality products. It has continually focused on producing high quality products at incredible lower prices. Unlike Coles, Aldi has suppliers from lower level manufacturers to bigger manufacturers. Aldi never compromise on the products quality. Their approach is balanced, which gives values to both their customers and the suppliers. They also offer fair and equal chances to many small suppliers as well. They are just needed to fill up the form supplied at its website and join their hands with the company if they are eligible to become suppliers. They receive materials from its different suppliers that range from small manufacturers to major manufacturers. Once they get the materials from their supplier, they process it in their distribution centre. Food processing is done in the distribution centre. They have smartly managed the complexity of stocking, which has challenged the supremacy of many organisations. Just-in-time approach is the one strategy, which they have used to have their utmost control on their stock. This approach is highly useful in avoiding any wastage of materials, which is very probable with no control on the stock. The product is then sent to the market when it is processed at its distribution centre. Aldi has mostly targeted the low budgeted income; however, it has now started to target the middle budget households as well. Unlike Coles and Woolworths, Aldi has mainly targeted the grocery segments, which is also helping them in gaining a good market shares from the two retail market giants. It likes to do things differently than Coles and Woolworths, which is why they offer plastic bags. It is very clear that Aldi wants to progress differently and earn maximum market shares (Chapman et al. 2013). Comparison of supply chains The entrance of Aldi has shaken the Australian supermarket industry. The market, which was preoccupied by two giant companies Coles and Woolworths. There is little difference in the supply chain of both Coles and Aldi. However, both have separate customer base. Aldi in particular has targeted the budgeted income group of people whereas Coles has maintained a high standard. Supply chain of both the companies is unique as both of them get their materials from the Australia farmers and other suppliers. For fresh vegetables, they receive approximately around 96% from the Australian farmers. On a same note, the resource for meat has been entirely in the country. However, Aldi has acted smartly to cut down the final customer price. In Aldi, multiple products are placed in one single line, which successfully reduces the requirement of floor executive. A reduction in floor executive would mean a cut down on salary distribution, which would enhance the profit level on sales. Additionally, Ald i offers limited range of products in a single store, which make this possible to open up a store in a comparatively reduced area. Moreover, it saves on monthly rental, which is again useful for enhancing the profit margin. However, in such set ups customers might get frustrated because they would require to visit multiple stores of Aldi to purchase their required products. On contrary to this, such products are easily available in a single store of Coles. Time would tell the fate for both the companies. However, both have targeted a separate group of customer (News.Com.Au 2017). The strategy to cut down on prices on some visible and invisible thing is the one major difference between Aldi and the duopoly of Coles Woolworths, which is helping Aldi to offer products at the cheapest price. It is not that they do not force their suppliers to get quality products like Coles does; however, it is some other way, which has benefitted Aldi in offering the cheapest price. One visible example is of trolley, which they offer to the customers after receiving a gold coin against the trolley. However, the gold coin is refundable, which customers can get on submitting the trolleys (Kuys Kyriazis 2015). Another visible move is paying for the plastic bags. It simply saves money on packaging, which could have been incurred in otherwise situation (Verghese et al. 2013). They have limited products to offer in their stores, which is way too low than the giant Coles. However, this has enabled them in limiting the size of stores, which means that they would be required to pay a c omparatively lesser rent. Moreover, this is also useful in saving money (Thain Bradley 2012). Product's arrangement is also different to Coles. They place more products in one single row, which mean a saving on paying to employees, as fewer employees would be required then. Aldi make less investment on advertising as they do not advertise on TV or any other modes. This is another way of cost reduction, which has no matched. Innovative thoughts, which the company has used in each of its strategy from getting products to presenting those to the consumers has pronounced the dominance of it in using strategies (McArthur 2013). Resource based theory is an effective model that helps to analyze the strengths and weaknesses, which its existing resources have. It affects the supply chain operation as well as it includes all the necessary resources, which play important roles in collaborative relationship with the suppliers. Resources are of various types such as physical, financial and human. The first stage in the resource-based theory includes the financial, physical and human resources. Both Coles and Aldi are giant companies in Australia; however, Coles has larger market shares than Aldi. Aldi is still growing with its expansion; however, it is expanding at a more speed rate than Coles. The report is until the end of fiscal year 2015; however, it simply speaks of the dominating effect, which Aldi has produced in the supermarket industry in Australia. It is rather continually incrementing with passage of days. Aldi employs less number of staffs to save money. However, it also provides opportunity for a quick growth in terms of change of position. It is encouraging to staffs, as they can become an assistant manager in a very less span of time. In other words, Aldi has cut down on its expenses on employees by placing fewer employees in a single store (Brandes Brandes 2012). The second stage in the resource-based theory is the capability, which depends entirely on the varied organizational resources. The supply chain strategy and the strategy to cut down the prices by using visible and invisible approach have placed Aldi at the more competitive zone. The rising market shares of Aldi with passage of time have posed serious threats to one of the oldies in the Australian supermarket industry. Aldi is comparatively highly competitive, as it knows well how to cut down the prices and to offer values to the customers money. However, discounted offers might not help to conquer all the time. This is quite evident in France where discounted stores are struggling to maintain the success. Aldi maintains limited stock in its store to cut down on area and on the rental. However, this also means that customers would require shopping for a weeklong to gather the entire required groceries. This can be frustrating to many. In other words, it is designed for budgeted groups in specific. Additionally, offering plastic bags might be cost effective but this is not fascinating to all. Moreover, packaging has an utmost importance in appealing the value of the products to the customers (Mitchell 2017). Some of the weaknesses, which have been highlighted, might ruin Aldi in long run. For a sustained business, they need to come up with some additional strategies that could add additional values to their existing business. Coles along with Woolworths form the duopoly in the Australian supermarket industry. Coles has its own distribution centre, which helps them get deeper into the food processing process. Moreover, it helps them understand the changing sales figure, which is very important to control the inventories. However, they have been challenged by the cheaper pricing offer of Aldi. They like Aldi need to fight hard with the suppliers; however, they lack some strategies that enable Aldi to offer comparatively lower pricings for the products. The innovation is at less exploration in Coles. Cost saving strategy is one of the key points of Coles, which they use to mould the customers interest into their favor. It along with Woolworths has warmed up the supermarket sector in Australia with cheapest pricing for products and services. Unlike many other companies, Coles offer products in its natural form. They do so to construct a different position for the company. This is nothing but their extensive a pproach towards sustainability (Moscardo et al. 2013). Sustainability is a challenge for different companies from different industry (Schaltegger, Ldeke-Freund Hansen 2012). However, Coles has identified the ways to tackle such challenge to the most possible extent. The indigenous products, which the company offers, are one of its moves towards a sustainable business. The company has not kept itself confined to the groceries only but it has also targeted a potential market of liquor in Australia. Insurance and fianc sectors have also been felt as potential options. They are in continued search of new market. It is very evident that the company is trying to explore it towards maximum of opportunities. However, it has faced persistent issues from its suppliers, which is really a challenge as they wish to offer products in its natural form. The negotiation level is low with Coles, which is why it is a challenge to fulfill the commitments (Dwivedi et al. 2012). Coles unlike many reputed brands believe in approaching to the Australian resources, as they believe they can innovate with their supply chain if they rely on countrys resources. Unlike other companies Coles has believed in the Australian resource for its required products. As per its belief, Australia is one of those few countries that produce best food in the world. Importantly around 96% of all the fruits and vegetables have their resource in Australia itself. Additionally, 100% of all the meat they use from the Australian resource only. This in other words means that the company supports small companies and local people of Australia. They have their relationship with the local farmers, manufacturers and growers. The Coles Nurture Fund support various small medium size companies opportunities to apply for the loans and use it for inventing various innovative technologies. This is not helping the Coles to invest on hidden talents by giving loans but it also fostering the success fo r those small medium sized companies. On the other hand, the company had started Coles Indigenous Food Fund in the year 2001 to support the indigenous enterprises. A partial of the revenues generated is used for developing the supplying capabilities of indigenous enterprises (coles.com.au 2017). They are innovative, which is why they continually thought of having their own distribution centre, so that, they could secure their products and also have their deeper control on the food processing. Their innovative thoughts have worked in an appropriate direction as they had opened up processing facilities in few Australian locations such as New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and South Australia. It is a unique concept because it produces packaged red meat including beef and lamb. It not only enhanced their sales capabilities as they can now get deeper into the change in sales behavior but it has also enhanced their control on processing, which is very important to give response in real time. Additionally, they can now easily bring changes in the inventories, which depend on the changing behavior of sales (Juan Ding et al. 2014). Coles has indigenous people that supply the company fresh meat. The company believes that Australia is one of those countries that offer best in quality foods. Farmers supply them fresh vegetables and fruits. The company is actually favoring the growth of local companies and communities. It has opened up some funds as well to foster the growth of indigenous enterprises. Twitter has been one of the favorite sites for the company. They used this to perfection as one of their tools for marketing. Private labeling is one key aspect o their marketing strategies, which has provided a unique opportunity to the company. Through this, the company has utilized the opportunities that are available in the supermarket chain industry in Australia. They became known face with this strategy (Icmrindia.org 2017). Recommendations and conclusions for Coles Coles is one of the two leading supermarket giants in Australia. It has high market shares only after Woolworths. However, the growth of market shares has now become stiffer as it is receiving a homogenous challenge from Aldi. Aldi has not yet crossed the market shares of Coles but the rate of growth of market shares is quite more to Coles. This is a challenge for Coles now to regain its position and maintain a good growth despite the homogenous challenge posed by Aldi. Coles need to target on the weaknesses rather than competing with Aldi for cheapest price. Coles already offers large range of products in its store. They should continue with the same strategy. Additionally, they should put more focus on stocking large range of products in stores. This would save time for people, which they need to invest while shopping in Aldi as Aldi has limited stocks. Moreover, it means that they need to shop for a long span of time to get their all required groceries. Aldi is famous for cheap pricing with high quality products that gives value to the customers money. Aldi has used various strategies such as offering plastic bags and stocking limited products in stores to attract a significant customer base; however, it has also limited the scope for customers. Customers would now require shopping for a long span of time to visit to significant number of Aldi stores to get the required groceries. The business model of the company is simple and efficient. They have a strategy to offer top in quality products at an unbelievably low prices. They have kept their low pricing strategy intact with all of their business strategies. They offered limited range of such products, which people shop on a daily basis. However, it has targeted probably every segment of customer with different products such as food, household supplies and beverages. They are always focused on giving customers value to their money, which is why they have always maintained high trans parency with their products. The company invests a significant sum on developing various new ideas to develop new properties and suppliers and to offer benefits to its employees. The company has sufficiently controlled its production through implementing lean production technique. Lean production offers reliability on many important factors such as just-in-time production. Just-in-time approach is very helpful for tracking the stock and ordering the required materials quite prior to it gets empty. This also help in avoiding wastages of materials, which is very frequent with over stocking of materials. They do not operate for 24 long hours in a day, which means this would reduce the cost of labor, the cost of rental and energy. Moreover, all the savings from this strategy would be passed to customers to show values to their money (Careers.aldi.us 2017). Unlike Coles, Aldi has suppliers from lower level manufacturers to bigger manufacturers. They probably look for getting the best in quality materials to show values to the customers money. They are very strict with their suppliers on product specification, which is in the line of top brands in the market. Moreover, Aldi never compromise on the products quality. On the other hand, they also know the importance of maintaining a healthy relationship with their suppliers. Their approach is balanced, which gives values to both their customers and the suppliers. They also offer fair and equal chances to many small suppliers as well. They are just needed to fill up the form supplied at its website and join their hands with the company if they are eligible to become suppliers. It gets the required materials from its different suppliers that range from small manufacturers to major manufacturers. They have also opened up ways to many others. They are just required to fill up the forms available at the companys website. Once they get the materials from their supplier, they process it in their distribution centre. Food processing is done in the distribution centre. They have smartly managed the complexity of stocking, which has challenged the supremacy of many organisations. Just-in-time approach is the one strategy, which they have used to have their utmost control on their stock. This approach is highly useful in avoiding any wastage of materials, which is very probable with no control on the stock. The product is then sent to the market when it is processed at its distribution centre. Aldi has mostly targeted the low budgeted income; however, it has now started to target the middle budget households as well. Unlike Coles and Woolworths, Aldi has mainly targ eted the grocery segments, which is also helping them in gaining a good market shares from the two retail market giants. They are mainly focused on cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategy. It likes to do things differently than Coles and Woolworths, which is why they offer plastic bags. It is very clear that Aldi wants to progress differently and earn maximum market shares (Chapman et al. 2013). Recommendations and conclusions for Aldi Aldi is the fastest growing supermarket store chain in Australia. It has challenged the business of two giants Coles and Woolworths. With some of its unique strategies such as plastic bags, trolley on paying gold coins, arranging multiple items in a lane etc., it has hampered the growth of one of the giants of duopoly Coles. However, they might not be able to sustain with the same strategy, as many customers prefer the way, which Coles use such as stocking high numbers of products in just one store. Aldi need to stock large number of products in a single store. This would prevent customers going to multiple stores of it to get their required stuffs. Aldi should try to escape from such weaknesses in order to prevent any counter from the two supermarket giants. References Aldi.com.au. 2017.Shopping at ALDI - What makes us Australias Supermarket of the Year. - ALDI Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.aldi.com.au/en/shopping-at-aldi/ [Accessed 28 Aug. 2017]. Brandes, D., Brandes, N. 2012.Bare essentials: the Aldi way to retail success. BoDBooks on Demand. Careers.aldi.us. 2017.About ALDI. [online] Available at: https://careers.aldi.us/about [Accessed 27 Aug. 2017]. Chapman, K., Innes-Hughes, C., Goldsbury, D., Kelly, B., Bauman, A., Allman-Farinelli, M. 2013. A comparison of the cost of generic and branded food products in Australian supermarkets.Public health nutrition,16(5), 894-900. Chapman, K., Innes-Hughes, C., Goldsbury, D., Kelly, B., Bauman, A., Allman-Farinelli, M. 2013. 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Mitchell, S. 2017.Coles, Woolworths urged to target Aldi's weaknesses. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/coles-woolworths-urged-to-target-aldis-weaknesses-20150527-ghav10.html [Accessed 28 Aug. 2017]. Moscardo, G., Lamberton, G., Wells, G., Fallon, W., Lawn, P., Rowe, A., ... Renouf, M. 2013.Sustainability in Australian business: Principles and practice. Wiley-Blackwell. NewsComAu. 2017.Supermarkets dirty tricks revealed. [online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/supermarket-monsters-how-coles-and-woolworths-suffocate-us/news-story/c901feb4f6c255d3a6b613140cbea30c [Accessed 28 Aug. 2017]. Price, R., Bailey, J., Pyman, A. 2014. Varieties of collaboration: the case of an Australian retail union.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(6), 748-761. Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F., Hansen, E. G. 2012. Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability.International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,6(2), 95-119. Stankevi?i?t?, E., Grunda, R., Bartkus, E. V. 2012. Pursuing a cost leadership strategy and business sustainability objectives: Walmart case study.Economics and Management,17(3), 1200-1206. Thain, G., Bradley, J. 2012.Store Wars: The worldwide battle for mindspace and shelfspace, online and in-store. John Wiley Sons. Verghese, K., Lewis, H., Lockrey, S., Williams, H. 2013. The role of packaging in minimising food waste in the supply chain of the future.RMIT University: Melbourne, Australia.

Management Information Systems (MIS)

Introduction Businesses require constant information to be processed and disseminated to the relevant stakeholders on time. To achieve this, they need Management Information systems. A Management Information System is a set of connected apparatus, mostly computerized combinations that continuously acquire raw and needed data from within and outside a firm. Consequently, the data is processed and stored in a central place called database where it is always updated and availed to those with authority to access it.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Management Information Systems (MIS) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are several applications that are described in the case study. They are known as the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. The disseminate information relating to financials, inventories, manufacturing, sales and marketing, as well as order management and procurement. The systems also ass ist in project management documentation as well s post-implementation performance measurement. El Alamein is faced by various challenges as they seek to implement the Enterprise Resource Planning systems. First and foremost, some heads of department have been resistant to change. They are used to relying on separate computers which were fitted with custom excel sheets so as to facilitate the operations. The second challenge was high staff turnover during implementation. It is clear from the case study that El-Alamein suffered loss of six crucial people in a period of six months only. High staff turnover is hurting for business because a corporation has already invested a lot in those people in training as well as other resources offered to them during their stay in the organization. In addition to heavy investment in the staff who left, their departure led to delay in the areas they were in charge of as well as repeating some of the steps already done during the analysis and set up stages. To mitigate the resistance to change, El-Alamein took drastic steps. Firstly, the company identified crucial persons from all major departments to act as agents of change. These agents were to take up the role of convincing the other employees on the need to embrace the system. Secondly, El-Alamein took it upon themselves to train users for the new system so that they understand how the new system will affect business operations. Lastly, the company took a step further by fostering participation by end users through inclusion of more employees than just the senior management when it came to decision making, analysis and implementation.Advertising Looking for case study on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In my opinion, the three steps taken to mitigate resistance to change are so bright. When you involve people and especially the junior staff in decision making, analysis and implementation, the proce ss is bound to be smooth because the feeling of imposition and ambush is expunged. They feel part of the process and as such, they own it and would not wish to see it fail. Over and above, change agents, if well trained on their critical role can influence the viewpoint of other employees. They are trained to believe in the system/process first. Consequently, what they pass on to their colleagues is deep conviction from within them. This becomes easy to convince others in various departments. The Enterprise Resource Planning systems helped El-Alamein to reduce investment risks. In addition, the company has strengthened the process of integration as well as improving the rate of production. The efficiency in regard to handling of inventory is now rated highly. The IT investments have helped El-Alamein to initiate connections with multinational corporations. This case study on Management Information Systems (MIS) was written and submitted by user Elsa Herman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Management Information Systems (MIS) Introduction Management information system in organizations is a very essential element which cannot be disregarded especially in contemporary business organizations. It is important to note that information system is one of the crucial and invaluable approaches in the modern generation’s way of doing business.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Management Information Systems (MIS) – Linked In specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, information systems play pivotal role in operational, strategic and tactical decision making. Such systems are used by every department in all levels of managing an organization bearing in mind that the modern world of business demands an optimal information flow. Therefore, it is imperative to note that every business organization is obliged to make information technology part and parcel of its operations. The application of information systems has become crucial and needs to be optimized throughout the entire life of a business organization. Organizations which have opted to operate on poorly established and under developed information system platforms find themselves missing out on the myriads of opportunities which are available in the global economy (Akcura 380). It is definite that these organizations are undeniably realizing dismal operations since businesses have grown considerably more competitive with the adoption of viable information systems and platforms. A comprehensive study of Linked In information systems offers a typical discussion of the value of a quality information system in both national and multinational organizations. This paper offers a deductive analysis of the management information systems as applied by Linked In. It highlights how information technology has been used in management, the general operations of the organization as well as how the use of information systems has helped the organization to attain a com petitive edge. A brief background of the organization Linked In is a global professional networking and consulting company. It was started way back in 2002 in the house of co-founder Reild Hoffman (Linked In par 1). After its launch in the year 2003, the Linked In site realized a total of 4,500 members within a period of one month.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Professionals continued to join the network and studies reveal that by the end of the first three months of 2012, the link was receiving two new members in every two seconds (Breitbarth 20). Needless to say, the company has a strong public image. It is believed and has also been rated as one of the most diversified modern business models. It is a well known entity which provides hiring options in large scale. It is imperative to note that the company also gives all marketing solutions and has a specialty in premium subscriptions. Through the use of its professional team, linked In has managed to display high standard use of information systems in its overall operations by providing an information-rich approach of conducting researching in the business world. The company has been able to venture into new markets across the world and has developed reliable methods of serving its customers. Linked In has acquired the status of a formidable company. This has been achieved by employing information systems in all its internal and external operation mechanisms. This company was started to set a wide and dependable platform for professional linkage. Over the several years the company has been in operation, Linked In has been able to exhibit an effective management of information systems through the use of professional mergers. According to recent studies, Linked In has been able to smoothly cooperate with other networking firms because of the nature of its business ventures (Gregor and Hevner 8). The field of professional networking of business firms has a holistic need of articulating and assimilating interested stakeholders from all host nations. The management has constantly endeavored to establish a highly integrated international network (Lim and Ting 52). Their network has a base line which incorporates all international as well as intermediary branches with the establishment of control units in numerous nations. The application of modern information technology has equally led to the inception and expansion of a widely spread and networked system of professionals.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Management Information Systems (MIS) – Linked In specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Information systems Studies indicate that success in the adoption of broad spectrum IT is dependent on a technical selection process. Linked In has selected a post modern system which is specially designed in a manner which ensures that high-tech objectives of doing e-business which have been adopted by the company are timely met. Development of efficient internet technologies has been used to create an operational stability. Their system ensures that transactions are carried within the shortest time possible and according to the preferences of clients (Latham 26). In addition, it is worth to note that security has been prioritized in the sense that the system has a powerful criterion of detecting white collar criminal activities. Due to the emergence of sophisticated internet criminology, the company has privatized and personalized technological systems. They have a pimp of their entire information system with multiple chambers which do not merely increase functionality but also ensure greater speeds for efficient operation. Their IT architecture is under constant evaluations to cater for malpractices from within or without the organization. The infamous e-commerce machine used by L inked In is mastered with the incorporation of a directed operation. This enables customers to access findings and facts about the company without making contact with its officials. This company has also been using management systems which are data oriented. Their system have been determined by the data category which they deal with on their day-to-day operations. It has broad divisions which accommodate the management teams in all different positions of the company. Their system is well programmed to ensure that professionalism is displayed in every aspect of the company’s dealings. Internal control has been made viable enough through the use of a clear set of ethical procedures which are to be portrayed when interacting with the company’s network (Rosenkranz and Holten 21). The use of a decision making strategy which relies on information systems has improved service production and delivery across the whole dominion of linked In (Linked In par. 6). There is enough ev idence that the dependence of the company on information technology has created a high and desired quality and comfortable business environment.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, more robust information system applications are continually being invented due to the application of the clear approach of intensive reliance on IT (Palvia and Pancaro 8). Over the years of operation, their system design has moved the company from the level of a developing enterprise to the category of a highly profitable organization. The great awareness of the need of using standardized information systems has not been a recent development at Linked In. it has been intrinsic in the operations of the organization. Besides, the company has principle strategies of countering competition by keeping their services highly usable (Lim and Ting 54). Use of information systems in management A season has come whereby business trends are more reliant on the dynamism of the global market. This is as a result of the emergence of dynamic consumer patterns, modern management of information systems and the realization of business success depending on the degree of embracing reliable information technology. By understanding the essence of information systems in effective decision making, Linked In has been able to adopt a mainstream business circle. It is worth to underscore that information systems have been used by Linked In as a toolkit which has bore quality development strategies (Breitbarth 22). The information technology has been a critical factor in the business environment as part and parcel of determining the needs of the market. Through the application of online evaluations, the company has been in a position to accurately address the exact demand of the market. Managing information systems effectively is a fundamental activity in business operations. It is evident that it leads to simplification of actions and speeds up business transactions (Akcura 384). This leads to the achievement of the set profitability goals and objectives the company is targeting. The company has also displayed an expertise in applying information technology in all its intern al operations with key decisions having a strong technological foundation. Studies reveal that linked In has greatly invested in IT to create the much needed business and organizational value as one of its major objectives. This has helped their management information system to become a basic tool which provides quality responses to all professional needs of customers. The diverse needs of customers from all over the world are being met online by just a single mouse click. The management has embarked on such large scale investments in information systems especially after accruing numerous gains from information technology. Notably, the broad and organizational wide use of management information systems has given the business the power to have a multinational influence. Information technology for competitive advantage The application of management information systems in the internal and transactional operations of a company is important in determining how the company articulates its major procedures (Palvia and Pancaro 8). By understanding this, the information and communication managers at Linked In have been able to formulate effective strategies towards realizing the aforementioned goal. As a matter of fact, they have learned to articulate all the systems which infer desirable alignments and also create the ability of building a correct niche which gives the company the much needed competitive advantage. Complex situations emerging from the business operations of the company are clearly tackled with the employment of information technology transparency. In addition, the organization has been exemplified by clear implementation of IT which has enhanced the realization of higher financial returns. The use of information systems in short and long term strategic planning has been very resourceful. It has helped the company to grow tremendously in addition to seizing opportunities as well as formulating a transition into maintaining high profile market competitio n. Appropriate use of information technology by Linked In Latham (26) has observed that focus on effective marketing, effective differentiation of the available marketing opportunities as well as effective leadership are the three major strategies of competing favorably in the corporate world. Linked In has used information technology to offer variety of quality services to all its customers. The company has developed a clear focus through the application of cost leadership. Their worldwide network has equally integrated both top and bottom line strategies. The e-commerce strategy has been instrumental in cutting down the overall cost of reaching its consumers. Collaborative software has helped in resource planning, chain operations management and in developing quality customer relations. Therefore, the company enjoys a good linkage with its consumers. Its technology is wired in a manner that it offers services which are unique and different from those of other firms in the industry . Their site has been built using a technological design which is able to recommend services to clients depending on their earlier transactions. It has a time saving check out system which allows them to evaluate the services which attract many persons. Customers enter their credit card numbers to make payments online. During subsequent visits, one is able to track their activities and the services which were proposed to them by the company. In order to maximize on the actual focus of the company, the organization has embarked on using the internet to reach the widest market possible. This has generated wide range differentiation and cost advantages. In any case, these are some of the merits which the company has leveraged on for some time now. The company has embraced the principle of using information technology to reach the vast market in the most cost effective way. Linked In has grown highly competitive realizing billions of net and gross sales from hiring and consultation serv ices. Gregor and Shirley (9) believe that if the organization continues being effective in management information systems, there is no doubt that it will become a consistent top player in the industry. In spite of the above platforms that the company has put in place, it is also worth to mention that the use of wireless technologies and innovations like cloud computing characterize the operations of linked In. A mobile digital base has created a global customer and service provider collaboration. It has been so easy for the officials of the company to identify and utilize customer outcomes. This happens with the quality monitoring mechanism which is in place at Linked In. The workers of the company have a perpetually high output since the information system works by keeping them aware of all new functionalities and trends in the market. It has been successful for them to work digitally in and out of their routine offices. Their information system has elements of personal training vi a its online store of resources which are freely accessible by all staff members. The workers have not lagged behind when it comes to the management of change for improvement. Information has helped in keeping everyone informed enough to make professional decisions without difficulties. Innovation, operational excellence and customer confidence have been attained through the use of the directions provided in the flexible instruction tool which is a major attribute of this company’s information system. All the stakeholders operate closely with the company since its comprehensive data base is open to scrutiny. The latter has also been used as platform for ensuring that the security of both clients and company staff is safeguarded at all times. The inevitable challenge In the analysis of this corporation’s information technology system, it is important to point out cases of illegal and unauthorized activities which are evident similar to any other organization, it is impe rative to mention that challenges are indeed inevitable. For instance, the use of technology gadgets to perpetrate malicious activities has been a significant blow. The practice has had adverse effects to the site. Online computer programs which compromise the usability of online services have been a major challenge. Due to the wide use of technology viruses have been able to find their way into the systems of linked In. Cases of malfunctioning which have led to financial losses have been severally reported within the operations of the company (Rosenkranz and Rolend 15). The most significant threats in this case are site viruses like Dloadr-CMJ and Randex which corrupt the links to most visited programs. They rename the paths of access and block all terminal lee ways (Gregor and Hevner 5). Indeed, one of the most important steps to take is to educate clients on the high risk of online criminology. Owing to the high dependency on information technology to do business, Linked In has e mbarked on concerted efforts of securing its basic online consumers. There are strong appliances to abhor hackers who seek to benefit from the organization through manipulating its operation outcomes. It has put in place expertise employees who trace all criminal activities from within and outside Linked In. In order t ensure optimal security, Linked In has personalized its systems digitally. Its information has very strict digital seals. Proprietary data, electronic fund transfers and professional communications entail high levels of technological secrecy. Their security system has been engineered with high sensitivity and response programs. They operate according to procedures which have inherent digital excellence (Linked In par 2). It has been ensured that the company does not lay its technical methods of product processing in the sole hands of technological engineers. Its copy right operation is well known to the whole executive team and is protected by the international secrec y of IT productions. Conclusion The credible use of information systems by Linked In has been handy to the company. The choice of building an exemplary digital foundation is indeed resourceful especially in the current post modern professional industry. The organization has been able to become a force to reckon with in giving the corporate fraternity the desired status of professionalism. It is worth noting that organizations as well as individuals have been able to tap the standard services of Linked In. This has in turn been reciprocated into the creation of a culture of corporate coexistence. Businesses are able to share their most useful techniques through the easy communication and publication via the Linked In professional network. The inventions of the company have created an interdependence of professionals across many nations. It is possible to access the most reliable ways of operation by the use of the ultimate linkage which has been necessitated by Linked In. This succes s is accredited to the appropriate management of information systems in the key areas discussed. Moreover, the management of information systems at Linked In has taken a diversified approach in the sense that new and better method of running the organization has always been devised as part and parcel of meeting the needs of the dynamic market. In spite of the prevailing challenges, the company has managed to maintain its brilliant performance as a networking tool across the globe. Works Cited Akcura, Togla. â€Å"Affiliated marketing.† Information Systems and e-Business Management, 8. 4 (2010): 379- 394. Print. Breitbarth, Wayne. â€Å"Linked In or Lose Out.†Quality Progress 44. 7 (2011): 18-22. Print. Gregor, Shirley and Alan, Hevner. â€Å"Introduction to the special issue on design science.† Information Systems and e-Business Management, 9.1 (2011): 1-9. Print. Latham, John. â€Å"Latham’s Response to Commentaries.†The Quality Management Journal , 19.2 (2012): 27-29. Print. Lim, Weng and Ding, Ting. â€Å"E-shopping: an Analysis of the Technology Acceptance Model.† Modern Applied Science, 6. 4 (2012): 49-62. Print. Linked In. Company background. 2003. Web. https://about.linkedin.com/ Palvia, Shailendra and Rudy, Pancaro. â€Å"Promises and Perils of Internet based Networking.† Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 13.3 (2010): 1-9. Print. Rosenkranz, Christoph and Holten, Holten. â€Å"The variety engineering method: analyzing and designing information flows in organizations,† Information Systems and eBusiness Management, 9.1 (2011): 11-30. Print. This research paper on Management Information Systems (MIS) – Linked In was written and submitted by user Jedidiah Knapp to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Crusaders Essay The Grade Sample - Get Your Children Through High School

Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample - Get Your Children Through High SchoolWith Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample, you are not only guaranteed to get the academic details of the students, but also to a great deal of fun. Now you have more than one option to choose from, so that you can actually get your Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample. Many students are confused by the fact that the Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample is not free.It is a long course, which you can take in advance. In that, you will be able to ensure that you learn the concept of the Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample, and other lessons too. The Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample is a course that helps you learn a great deal about both subjects, but in addition, it also includes some fun games that can make it more exciting for your little student. And for that reason, your little student will absolutely love the Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample.How many times have you missed the classes, or not taken the time to learn a certain subject, because you were just too busy? Not only is it hard to learn in the classroom, but it is hard to do it in real life too. Students usually learn best when they are having fun, and they don't want to learn the same subjects in a boring class, and in order to keep your child's interests up, make them learn with Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample. You will always get the full education for less than half the price.Now you will never go wrong when you take Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample because the Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample includes fun learning activities to help you learn the subjects. It is an interesting program that your child will never forget and will also encourage them to learn the way you want them to learn, and the most of all, the most fun way possible. The Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample includes fun learning activities, quizzes, tests, and tests that are very challenging and interesting.Because your student will be a little bit older, they will also love learning with the Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample because it will show them that you love them just as much as they love you. If your child is a little bit older, they will get even more out of it because they know that you love them.Most of the curriculum, the Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample includes two different subjects, namely Reading and Writing, and Arizona High School Curriculum. All your student needs to do is download the study guide and fill out the form. After that, the system will help them with all their problems, and in the end, your student will be a great scholar.These are just a few of the things that you will find in the Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample. It will ensure that your student learns more than ever, and at a great pace, and they will even enjoy it, which is the main point of the Crusader's Essay The Grade Sample.